This study was done on the isolation and characterization of Tinea Capitis, from hair barbing equipment in Enugu metropolis.
A random sampling was made of 150 hair barbing equipment consisting of hair brushes, hair clippes, combs, aprons and theatre seats.
There were categorized according to location and types of hair barbing salon. 60 sample were positive for dermatophytes and these included Microporum audouim 24 (40%), Trichophyton rubrum 16 (26.7%), I. Mentargrophyter 10 (16.7% and I. Soudanose 10 (16.7%).
Of the 75, modern salon samples 16 were positive (21.3%)L The Ogui/Obiagu zone had the highest positive samples for Tinea Capitis with 19 out of 30 positive samples (31.7%0. This was followed by Agbani Road/Uwani which recorded 14 out of 30 positive (23.3%) Emene/Abakpa 11 out of 30 (18.3%), New Heaven Independence layout 9 out of 30 (15%) and GRA/Trans Ekulu 7 our of 30 (11.7%). It therefore appeared that percentage incidence increased with decreased in standard of living.
with Particular Reference to Africa 10
CHAPTER FIVE:
Conclusion and Recommendations 32
References 34
Appendix 36.
INTRODUCTION
Barbing which is the act of removing the hair from the head has diverse economic liabilities. This includes dissemination of diseases and beauty. In the case of disease, the microorganisms of Tinea Capitis is usually found in the hair. This organism belongs to the fungi groups.
Fungi constitute a group of non-motile eukaryotic organisms that have a definite cell wall, devoid of chlorophyll and reproduce by means of spores. The spores can be produced sexually or asexually and it is propagating granule with or without embryo. Fugal spores germinate on appropriate substrate to produce morphologically such diverse forms as mould and yeast.
In moulds, spores germinate to produce branching filaments called hyhae, which may be divided, into cell by septa. In yeast on the other hand, the spores germinate to produce round, oval embryonated single cell that reproduced mostly by budding and form moist or muciod colonies. (Kwong Chung and Benette, 1992).
According to Jawetz et al (1989), as the hyphae continues to grow and branch a mat of growth that projects above the surface of the substrate is called the vegetative mycelium. Most fungi reproduce by forming spore through mitosis fungi with only asexual spores formation are called fungi imperfecti.
Fungi have diverse groups among which area specialized group known as dermatophytes. These dermatophytes infect keratinized tissue that is the epidermis of skin, hair and nail causing the disease dermatophytosis. The dermatophytes produce infection with mild to severe symptoms depending on the immunological response of the host. In general, they do not invade subcutaneous or deep tissues. Granulnatous lesions in subcutaneous cause both with and without the granule formation that is characteristic of mycetomas have been occasionally reported.
Dermatophytes are also known as ‘ringworm’, fungi. The name ringworm has been in use at least from the sixteenth century and it was carried to describe the circular lesion produced by dermatophyte on the skin or scalp (Kwong Chung and Benette, 1992). Ringworm is clinically referred to as Tinea and locations involved are usually the surface of the body (Tinea Copons), of the groin (Tinea Gruris) of the bearded area (Tinea Barbae), of the scalp (Tinea capitis) (Cheesbrough, 1984).
Tinea Capitis, ringworm of the scalp and hair may be caused by any of the Dermatophytes pathogenic for man except Epidermophyton Flocossum and Trichophyton Concentricum. The disease affects mainly children although some species of fungus may attack adult scalp or continue from childhood into adult life.
The most chronic and persistent form of Tinea Captis are caused by several anthropophilic species. Chronity seems to be related to the relative absence of inflammatory response. Anthropohilic ringworm in children is transmitted by contact and may assume epidemic proportion. Hair gears fomites, barbe’s instrument and even theatre seats have been shown to be contaminated with the fugus. Eperdermis occur mainly in school boarding schools, campus and in center of over crowding and poor hygiene. The spores of microsporum audouinii and other dermatophtes have been recovered from the air of school rooms and other suspected localities. In a work carried out hair brushes by (Mackenzie et al, 1960) in Belfast, it was shown that clinical examination alone was inadequate for the detection of versions that are trival or virtually absent. Individuals with only discrete hairs infected can be regard for practical purpose as carriers, although symptom less, they disseminate infection over a period of years and can be responsible for a gradual build up of infection potential. To the best of my knowledge, no work has been documented on the isolation and characterized of Tinea Capitis from hair barbing equipment in Enugu metropolis. It has been observed that with the introduction of modern hair barbing equipment consisting of modern barbing kits, there has been increased incidence of kerion, like lessons. In the less severe infection, the individual infected follicles may be discerned. (Kwong Chung And Benette, 1992). These are realized particularly on the part of the scalp just above the neck region. This ringworm is usually symptom less but itching may be present as a result of some trichophyton species. These appear after subjects, mainly men have been to barbing saloon, this is called “barber”. This disease and is quite a serious social and health problem. Tinea capitis could be the major cause of this disease. There is therefore a graving need to screen these hair barbing equipment for dermatophtosis infection caused by is Tinea Capitis .
1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVE
To establish the mode of transfer of Tinea Capitis and create awareness that will reduce the infection among the general populace.
1 To establish if any the presence of Tinea Capitis from hair barbing equipment.
5 To appraise the sanity condition of hair barbing equipment and recommend a remedy for control.
1.3 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
Microorganisms are ubiquitous in nature. Some of these microorganisms are pathogenic in nature and can multiply easily. Others exist as facultative aerobes and anaerobes. In different salon in Enugu metropolis, where hair are being barbed. The barbers use clippers, blades, hair brushes etc. which are unsterilized and when use it on barbing the hair of individuals many develop different types of problems on their hair which Tinea Capitis is one of them many children go with their head white as if they have grey hair due to ringworm actions. Sometimes after barbing individual hair without sterilizing or changing the blade they use it on another person thereby spreading the infection from one person to another. Therefore the problem lies at the unhygienic practice by the barbers before and while doing barbing work.
1.4 JUSTIFICATION OF STUDY
This work centers on enlightening the hair barber on the best possible ways of sterilizing their equipment.
It will also educate the public that it will be best to have a self-equipment to avoid the contamination.
1.5 LIMITATION
The non-compliance of some barbing salon owners limits this work to only a few that subject their tools for analysis. The patient’s co-operation also forms part of the problem, as some do not submit for the test. The habit of clearing and brushing of clippers blade limits the number of isolated positive cases as to estimate the rate and incidence/prevalence of the carriers stated as they form part of the tools that harbour the spores and hyhae. The research work is also limited only to Enugu metropolis and to Tinea Capitis only.
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